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Korean Grammar Patterns
계시다 vs 있으시다
Meaning
Direct vs indirect honorific 'be'
How to use it
계시다 honors the SUBJECT person directly: 할아버지가 계세요 ('Grandfather is here'). 있으시다 is indirect honorific for a thing belonging to the honored person: 할아버지가 시간이 있으세요 ('Grandfather has time'). Use 계시다 for the person, 있으시다 for their possession/attribute.
Person present/staying → 계시다.,Has time/money/a question → 있으시다.
Examples
| Korean | English |
|---|---|
| 사장님이 사무실에 계세요. sajangnimi samusire gyeseyo. | The president is in the office. |
| 교수님, 질문이 있으세요? gyosunim, jilmuni isseuseyo? | Professor, do you have a question? |
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