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71 entries

Korean Grammar Patterns

-느라고because (occupied with); same subject, negative result -다가while doing, then (switch / interruption) -ㄹ수록the more… the more -커녕let alone / far from (with negative) -(으)러 vs -(으)려고purpose: go/come to do vs intend to do -던지(recollection of) how much / degree -고서 / -곤after doing; -곤 하다 = used to -더라retrospective (I observed/recall) -군(요)realization / mild exclamation -던데(요)recollected background / soft contrast -ㄹ걸(요)mild regret / supposition -네(요)realization on the spot -ㄹ 겸 (해서)with the dual purpose of -ㄹ 만하다worth doing / about that extent -아/어 오다 vs -아/어 가다Direction of action over time -아/어 나가다Carry on / push forward -아/어지다Become / passive-like change -고 말다 vs -지 말다End up / Don't (말다 auxiliaries) 돼 vs 되어, 해 vs 하여 (contraction)Contraction spelling: 돼=되어 -ㄹ게 not -ㄹ께Promise ending spelling -에요 vs -예요이에요/예요 spelling 것/거 vs 게/걸 (축약)것 contractions (것을→걸) -대로According to / as / right after -만큼As much as / to the extent 여쭤보다 / 물어보다Humble vs plain 'ask' 사물 존칭 오류Over-honorifying objects 과잉 존댓말Excessive honorifics 계시다 vs 있으시다Direct vs indirect honorific 'be' ㄷ 불규칙ㄷ-irregular verbs ㅂ 불규칙ㅂ-irregular verbs ㅅ 불규칙ㅅ-irregular verbs 르 불규칙르-irregular verbs 걸다 / 걸리다Active vs passive pair 걸다/걸리다 -고자in order to / with the intention of (formal) -다시피as you (know/see); almost / just about -답시고claiming to / supposedly (mocking) -되but / however (formal concessive-additive) -ㄹ망정even if / may be… but (concession) -ㄹ지라도even if (hypothetical concession) -지언정even if… (I'd rather); strong concession -ㄴ들 / -인들even if it were (rhetorical concession) -느니rather than (doing) -기에 망정이지luckily…, or else -ㄴ/ㄹ 바에(야)if it has come to this / might as well -데 vs -대-데 (I recall) vs -대 (they say) -다니 / -라니surprise/disbelief at what's said -ㄹ라warning: lest / might -대 vs -래reported -대 (says that) vs -래 (says to/that is) -겠거니assuming that… -다고 치다suppose / let's say -ㄴ/는 양pretending to / as if -기가 무섭게as soon as / the moment -ㄴ 마당에now that it's come to / given that -ㄹ 따름이다it's simply that / can only -기/게 마련이다be bound to / naturally tends to -아/어 빠지다Utterly / excessively (negative) -아/어 치우다Do it off / finish completely 뵈요 vs 봬요 / 뵀다 vs 뵜다뵈/봬 spelling (뵈다) 안 되다 vs 안되다Spacing changes meaning 잊힌 (O) vs 잊혀진 (X)No double passive 띄어쓰기 basicsSpacing basics -ㄴ/는/ㄹ 셈이다Amounts to / counts as 돌아가시다Honorific 'pass away' vs 'go back' 압존법Suppressed honorifics ㅎ 불규칙ㅎ-irregular adjectives ㄹ 탈락 명사형ㄹ-stem nominalization 이/히/리/기 被動Suffix passive 이/히/리/기 被動 vs 使動Passive vs causative ~화하다 vs ~화되다-ize active vs passive -(으)리Literary will/conjecture -(으)리 -마Promise ending -마

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